Advantages of Sanforization

• By applying the process of sanforization, a cloth is produced which does not shrink significantly during clothes production such as washing, cutting, ironing, sewing, hence decreasing the production cost.

Sanforizing Machine and Process

The machine used for the sanforizing process is called "Sanforizing Machine". Sanforizing Machine means a machine consisting of a large steam-heated cylinder, an endless, thick, woolen felt blanket which is in close contact with the cylinder for most of its perimeter, and an electrically heated shoe which presses the cloth against the blanket while the latter is in a stretched condition as it curves around feed-in roll.

Shrinkage of Fabrics… Why Fabrics Shrink?

Woven and knitted goods are 3-dimensional arrays of crimped yarns. Fabric forming processes take straight lengths of yarns and force them into 2-dimensional crimped lengths. The degree of crimp is a function of the yarn size and fabric construction. When fabric is completely relaxed, the crossing yarns will move around in relation to each other until a stable configuration is reached.

History of Sanforization

Sanforizing is a method that was produced in the 30s to prevent denim from shrinking. Having spent his youth wrangling alligators in Florida, learning the Seminole language and working in the engineer corps for the Spanish-American War, the process of sanforizing was invented by Sanford Lockwood Cluett (1874–1968) in 1930.

Sanforization

Sanforizing or Sanforization is the process of pre-shrinking fabric, which is a controlled compressive shrinkage process, which is applied on woven fabric to achieve shrinkage before making the garments. The process of sanforizing limits the post-wash fabric shrinkage to less than 1%.

Application of Space Dyeing

• Space dyed yarns produced from variety of dyes are used to produce a variegated weave when used for knitting or crocheting which give a very lively look.
• Space dyed yarns are commonly used in the manufacture of tufted carpets to make them appealing and beautiful.

Space Dyeing Techniques

Space dyeing can be achieved through several methods:

1. Knit-De-Knit Process
2. Warp Yarn Printing/Dyeing Process
3. Pot Skein Dyeing Process
4. Package Form Dyeing Process
5. Hank Form Dyeing Process
6. Continuous Dyeing Process
7. Spraying of colors onto the skeins of yarn.

Mechanism of Space Dyeing

In space dyeing, mordant is mostly used to chemically fix the dyestuff to substrate and the fixation of dyestuff is permanent type. There are three different ways to apply a mordant but mechanism of mordant stays same for all types of applications

Mordant in Space Dyeing

The secret to space dyeing yarn involves the use of a special chemical called a mordant. Dye in the space dyeing is fixed on yarn with the help of mordant.

What is Space Dyeing?

"Space dyeing is a process of dyeing of yarn in which multiple colors are applied along the length of each strand of yarn which may or may not repeat after a fixed interval."

Application areas of Stabilizers

1. Hydrogen peroxide bleach stabilizers are most widely used in the bleaching of cellulosic fibres [cotton, flax, linen, jute etc.] and wool, silk, nylon and acrylics with hydrogen peroxide.

Working Mechanism of Stabilizers

The basic mechanism of stabilizer involves the stabilization of chemical reactions by inhibiting the reaction or slowing down the reaction.

Anti-oxidants

Oxidation reactions can produce free radicals. In turn, these radicals can start chain reactions. When the chain reaction occurs in a cell, it can cause damage or death

Chemistry of Stabilizers

Hydrogen Peroxide Bleach Stabilizer

Stabilizers must be added to the bleach solution to control the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Stabilizers function by providing buffering action to control the pH at the optimum level and to complex with trace metals which catalyze the degradation of the fibres. Stabilizers include sodium silicate, organic compounds and phosphates.

Types of Stabilizers

Antioxidants

Antioxidants are substances which prevent the unwanted oxidation of materials. They inhibit oxidation reactions by free radicals in the human body before they can do any harm.

Stabilizers or Stabilizing Agents

Stabilizer is basically something that stabilizes something such as a substance added to another substance to prevent an unwanted alteration of physical state of that substance.

Pad-Steam Dyeing Machine/Process

Pad-Steam dyeing is a process of continuous dyeing in which the fabric in open width is padded with dyestuff and is then steamed. Pad steam is an ideal machine for reactive dyeing of cotton and its blended fabrics. Light, pale and medium shades can be dyed in this machine. Continuous roller steamer is used for diffusion of reactive, vat, sulphur and direct dyes into cellulosic fibers in an atmosphere of heat and moisture that is created by saturated steam injected into the steamer.